CHAPTER- 8 COMPUTER NOTES FOR CLASS 11TH(NON-PYTHON)

     CHAPTER-8: MICROPROCESSOR

Introduction:

 A microprocessor is a semiconductor chip, which is manufactured using large scale integration(LSI) or very large scale integration(VLSI).

USES OF MICROPROCESSOR:

Microprocessor-based systems are thus found everywhere today and not just in computers and smartphones: in automatic testing of products, speed control of motors, traffic light control, communication equipment, television, satellite communication, home appliances, such as microwave oven, washing machine, gaming controller, industrial controllers and even specialized applications such as military applications. 

EVALUATION OF MICROPROCESSOR

FIRST GENERATION: 4-Bit microprocessor is the first microprocessor was introduced in 1971 by Intel corporation.It was named Intel 4004 as it was 4 bit microprocessor.

SECOND GENERATION: 8 bit microprocessor was introduced in 1973 by Intel. it was the first microprocessor that can perform arithmetic and logic operations.This was Intel 8008 and was later followed by an improved version,Intel 8088.Some other 8 bit microprocessors are Zilog-80 and Motorola M6800.

THIRD GENERATION:

16 bit microprocessor was introduced in this generation.Some common microprocessors of this generation were- Intel 8086 and 80286.

FOURTH GENERATION:

32 bit microprocessor was introduced in this generation.Many microprocessors were introduced in this generation but the most popular one is Intel 80386.

PENTIUM SERIES: Intel came out with a new processor namely Pentium Processor. Pentium was followed by Pentium Pro CPU. Pentium Pro allow multiple CPUs in a single system in order to achieve multiprocessing.

                     BUS SYSTEM

A bus system ,in computing, is a set of physical connections(cables, printed circuits etc.) which can be shared by multiple hardware components in order to communicate with each other. The purpose of buses is to reduce the number of "pathways" needed for the communication between the hardware components.

Types of buses  There are 3 types of buses are as follows:

 1.Data Bus- Data bus is the most common type of bus. It is used to transfer data between different components of the computer. The data bus consists 8,16,32,64 lines. A 64-line data bus can transfer 64- bits of data at a time.

 1.Address Bus- Many components are connected to one another by the buses. Each component is assigned an unique ID. This ID is the address of that component. TO communicate with each other, a component needs another component's ID. So address bus  is used to transfer the address of the components.

2.Control bus: Control bus is used to transmit different signals and commands from one component to another component.